What metals and non-metals and the difference between them and the best Ayham

First: metals
Metals definition
It means chemical elements which loses electrons to be positive ions and find the Association of metal between Darath. As it is described metals also as a network of positive ions within the cloud of electrons.
The whereabouts of the metals
1. There are some metals such as gold, copper and silver in the rock elements free.
2. Most metals have one or two or three electrons in the outer shell can be easily shared with other atoms.
3. The metal atoms are connected to each metallic Association.
4. The metal atoms are detached, the electrons of these atoms are cloud revolve around these atoms.
5. electrons do not follow any specific nucleus but is free moves from the nucleus to the other and then return her again.
Metal components
The alloy material is composed of metal element and another one at least. Most alloys contain a large amount of the main metal or metal base, and smaller quantities of other ingredients. Which may be metals or non-metals such as carbon and silicon. And many of the pure metals are very soft. Or rust easily. Or by other defects. But these disadvantages can be overcome by mixing these metals with other elements. Per ingot it may contain three or four different materials. Or more.
The emergence of metals in the Earth's crust
Most of the metallic elements that we know and show, in the earth's crust, in the form of vehicles and not in metallic case that we know veneer floor, for example, contains 8 aluminum 5-iron and 4 of the calcium has been found in the earth's crust on some rare metals and least interaction in metallic case and these metals, copper, gold, mercury, plutonium and scientists believe the nucleus of the ground I made up mainly of iron and nickel in the metal case.
Properties of metals
1. have a metallic luster. 2. good conductors of heat and electricity.
3. malleable love. 4. relatively high melting point.
The importance of metals
Metals used in bridges, ornaments and cooking utensils, cars and steel and other materials industry.
Second, non-metals:
Definition of non-metals
Characterized by certain characteristics in terms of ionization and bonding properties and keep track of this non-metals that high electronegativity, ie they gain valence electrons from other atoms faster than the lost.
The whereabouts of non-metals
: -

Most of the non-metals are found in the top left side Manaljdol league, while Aadaalheidrojinwalve is placed usually inTop right side Amaafilzac alkaline, but acting Mthelallavlzat in most cases. Unlike nonmetals metals in terms of electrical conductivity, Fahiamaazlh or semi-conductive. And you can make Allavlzatpetkoanrabotth Oaonahma metals Bakedzabalaketronat, or Tkonrabotth Tzhmahma no other metals. And Tkonokasidallavlzathamadah.
Although there are 12 known component of non-metals Palmgarnhpma more than 90 of the metals, non-metals make up the Mazmalordtgariba, especially the outer layers. It consists Alcainatalehih almost all of the non-metals. Many of the non-metals and hydrogen there, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine Dziamzdug in the case of corn, and the rest mostly there Faihalh Dzeiaadidaldhirat.
The properties of non-metals
1. do not have a metallic luster. 2. Non-ways and clouds.
3. poor conductors of heat.
4. relatively low melting point.
The importance of non-metals
1. Oxygen: Patient Aid, cylinders and scuba diving, and welding operations.
2. Graphite: making positive electrodes dry columns.
3. Diamonds: jewelery industry.
The types of non-metals
Solid, such as carbon, sulfur and phosphorus.
Liquid such as bromine.
Invader, such as oxygen, hydrogen and chlorine

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Definition of metallic and non-metallic oxides and which consists What's the use of them

Oxides
Dioxide (in English: Oxide) oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical element. Most of the earth's crust consists of oxides. Oxides of interaction with the elements of air is composed.
Ion oxide cathode 2-O, is the conjugate base of the hydroxide ion -OH, and marks meet him in ionic oxides such as calcium oxide.
2-O is unstable in aqueous solution
It produces oxygen union with another element. Oxides formed when elements combine with oxygen. For example, the carbon in coal or wood, producing carbon dioxide CO2 and the carbon dioxide CO combustion. . Burning is a quick oxidation process.
Carbon dioxide in the animal cells composed by the slow oxidation process, and out of the lungs by exhaling.
Iron and steel process slow oxidation process also. It contains rust to ferric oxide Fe2O3.
Metallic oxides combine with water consisting hydroxides base, while when non-metallic oxides combine with water they are Oksgenih acids.
And oxides of sulfur and nitrogen is particularly important; because it can be used for the production of acids. But sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, air pollution when emitted by cars, factories, power plants and coal-fired and oil. They combine with moisture in the air and be different sulphurous acid and nitrogen acid. These acids and hit the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid. This acid and damage plants and wildlife.
When mixing calcium oxide CaO or the so-called neighborhood with lime, hydrated lime is made with water which is used in the coating process in a solution of lime plaster work.
The sand, which is of great importance in the glass industry, it is one of the types of silicon dioxide which is named silica (SiO2). Other types of second silicon oxide quartz, agate, opal.
Types of oxides
Metallic oxides
P oxide (P replaced by the name of the metallic element)
Examples:
Na2O: sodium oxide and MgO: magnesium oxide.
Non-metallic oxides
To find out the name should be the relationship between the number of oxygen atoms and the number of atoms of the element Allamadena account and add the appropriate prefix of the relationship: oxygen atoms to atoms element Allavlz
Uses
As materials
Two examples of the use of oxides: glass (mostly SiO 2 </ sub>), and the silence on the part of the blue and cobalt oxide in addition to some oxides which have many features such as:
Semi-conductors: FeO
Superconductors: the third copper oxide YBa2Cu3O7
Resistors: CeO2 (above the melting point of 3000 ° C), alumina, MgO
Stimulating: alumina (Al2O3), zeolite-based SiO2, and platinum oxides.
Of composite materials in: ceramic, cement, glasses: private and SiO2 in the silica glass and limestone CaCO3 in the cement.
Dyes: TiO2 coating white and various oxides Alkrrom glass.
Nuclear energy: fuel used in the form of oxides as they are more manageable in this form (uranium interacts automatically with air at a given temperature)
In chemical reactions
Iron oxide
Preparation metals (metals):
Iron by Fe2O3 et Fe3O4 (see Steel)
Aluminum from alumina
Hydrogen from water
And many metals such as uranium, tungsten, molybdenum, tin, titanium (traffic from TiCl4), and silicon.
Reactions in organic chemistry:
Reactions to add organic matter to CO2 or metal Keaton
Interaction with SO3 to produce PFOS.
B oxidation MnO4-, CrO3
B drought P2O5
Stimulate, especially alumina and zeolite
Mineral chemistry:
With water to produce oxygen acids such as SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
Strong production bases Na2O
Oxidizing / carrier of oxygen: nitrogen oxides nitric acid factors Albermnganat sugary compound, perchlorate (see explosives)
Dyes, fireworks (metal oxides)

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Metal definition and physical properties of metals groups

Metal (in English: metal) (called in some Arab countries in minerals) in chemistry word metal metal (originally Greek: Mitalon) concerned with the chemical element that loses electrons to be positive ions (cations) and no metallic bonding between atoms, also is described metals on it is a network of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. Located metals in the three groups of elements that characterized Ptoanha and their properties, and with the semi-metals and non-Vlzat.uand draw diagonal line in a league of boron to polonium table, this line separates metals from non-metals, and be located on this line elements are semiconductor metals, are the elements that Located right down the line are metals, which are located top left of the line are nonmetals. And non-metals are available in nature more than metals, but most of the metals are the periodic table. It is well-known metals aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, silver, titanium, uranium, and zinc. Pictures allotropes of metals tend to have luster, elastic, malleable, conductive, while non-metals generally be fragile (non-solid) metals without glitter, a buffer.

Physical properties

Metals have distinct physical properties: they are often shiny (with glitter), high density, and can be withdrawn, can tread, and often high melting point, it is also a solid and good conductivity of electricity and heat. This is because in general, few of intensity and freshness, while metals with a low degree of fusion temperature is active and can rarely presence in the metallic state racism.

And conduction property often occur because each atom be the electrons is very well connected in the final cover (valence electron), and on this form what looks like a sea around the nucleus of the metal cation conductivity causing property.

Most of the metal is chemically stable, it reacts with oxygen in the air to form oxides over time (iron rust over the years, potassium burns in seconds, silver lose their brightness in months). The alkali metals react quickest, followed by alkaline earth metals, which are found in the periodic table Ayman. Transition metals and take a longer time to oxidized (such as iron, copper, nickel) does not react while palladium, gold, platinum with atmospheric oxygen at all (and this is making formulated them). Some metals are coverslip layer of oxide on the surface and can not penetrate oxygen molecules and they retain this feature gloss and connectivity for many decades (such as aluminum, some kinds of steel, titanium, etc.). For other metals are painted Balboaat, Oopaltala electrophoresis to prevent oxidation.

Metals groups

Noble metals

Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: noble metals

Noble metals (or precious metals) are those that are no pure Kvlzat in the earth's crust, not as part of other vehicles. These metals are copper, palladium, silver, platinum and gold.

Noble metals is interactive, and easily combine with other elements to form compounds. Because the noble metals is interactive, they do not corrode easily and used in jewelry and coins, and gold Allatvaal severe, nor the old gold pieces still shiny yet.

Alkali metals

Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: alkali metal

Alkali metals six highly reactive metals, including sodium, potassium, and constitute a Group I of the periodic table. Low melting points, melt potassium at -64 ° C, which is soft and can be cut with a knife, which is alkaline solutions when it reacts with water, so called alkali metals.

Metals, alkaline earths

Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: alkaline earth metal

Metals, alkaline earths six metals, including magnesium, calcium, barium, and constitute the Group II of the periodic table, and there are these metals in many different minerals in the earth's crust. For example, there is calcium in calcite, and constitutes races in limestone and chalk. Alkaline earths metals less interactive than the alkali metals, which are harsher and have higher melting points.

Transition metals

Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: transition metal

Transition metals metals can be regarded as perfect, they are strong and solid and shiny and has a high melting points, which is less reactive than the alkali metals and alkaline earths metals. Iron, gold, silver, chromium, copper whole transition metals. It is easy to set up, and it has many industrial uses and Kspaik alone.

Metals weak

Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: metal after a transitional

Poor metals group of nine metals: antimony, aluminum, gallium and indium and thallium, tin, lead, bismuth and polonium. They are classified in the group to the right of the transition metals in the periodic table.

Weak soft metals in general are not used very much alone. Nevertheless, many of which are used in the manufacture of useful materials. Aluminum a less dense metals. Lead the other hand is very heavy and is used in hospitals as a barrier buffer X-ray.

Bullion

The alloy is a mixture of metallic properties and contains at least one metallic element. For example, steel (iron and carbon), brass (copper and zinc), bronze (copper and tin), the role of alumina (aluminum and copper). Often for special applications is the manufacture of alloys, such as jet engines, which contain more than ten elements.

Titles

-Ferrous metals

It is metals that contain iron.

Metals inert

It is those that are resistant to oxidation and corrosion may. Possible inclusion Kvlzat Nafisa. (Such as tantalum and platinum).

Precious metals

Are metals have a high economic value. Metals are considered chemically less active than other metals, shinier and Toaesela of electricity. It was historically used as a currency, but now is the basis of investment and industrial goods. (Such as gold, silver, and platinum).

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